diff --git a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/SwaggerController.java b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/SwaggerController.java
index 3a2f6425cb74b108734c62877e0afa353053ce72..fc4a159cf8fe683a2c0ebbde91437d800909a16d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/SwaggerController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/SwaggerController.java
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import com.google.common.io.Resources;
 
 import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest;
-import io.micronaut.http.HttpResponse;
 import io.micronaut.http.MediaType;
 import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller;
 import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
@@ -30,13 +29,13 @@ public class SwaggerController {
   private NshmpMicronautServlet servlet;
 
   @Get(produces = MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM)
-  public HttpResponse<String> doGet(HttpRequest<?> request) {
+  public String doGet(HttpRequest<?> request) {
     try {
       var url = Resources.getResource("META-INF/swagger/nshmp-ws.yml");
       var yml = Resources.readLines(url, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
           .stream()
           .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
-      return HttpResponse.ok(yml);
+      return yml;
     } catch (Exception e) {
       return Utils.handleError(e, "Swagger", request.getUri().getPath());
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/Utils.java b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/Utils.java
index 593dff64d5214e920217be59212a1460aa0e5f18..6af4b953da4a67d44713483af5aeb94d07bb9be3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/Utils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/Utils.java
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import static com.google.common.base.CaseFormat.UPPER_UNDERSCORE;
 import com.google.gson.Gson;
 import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
 
-import io.micronaut.http.HttpResponse;
-
 public class Utils {
   public static final Gson GSON;
 
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ public class Utils {
     }
   }
 
-  public static HttpResponse<String> handleError(
+  public static String handleError(
       Throwable e,
       String name,
       String url) {
@@ -57,8 +55,7 @@ public class Utils {
         .request(msg)
         .response(url)
         .build();
-    var response = GSON.toJson(svcResponse);
     e.printStackTrace();
-    return HttpResponse.serverError(response);
+    return GSON.toJson(svcResponse);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmController.java b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmController.java
index af0aeca1d10de058f8e280dc7e821fc6a3f2a38b..59cd3cdb7d44bee23434cd5d910baff4625aac51 100644
--- a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmController.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import gov.usgs.earthquake.nshmp.www.gmm.GmmService.Spectra;
 
 import io.micronaut.core.annotation.Nullable;
 import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest;
-import io.micronaut.http.HttpResponse;
 import io.micronaut.http.MediaType;
 import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller;
 import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ class GmmController {
       responseCode = "200",
       content = @Content(schema = @Schema(type = "string")))
   @Get(uri = "/spectra", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
-  public HttpResponse<String> doGetSpectra(
+  public String doGetSpectra(
       HttpRequest<?> http,
       @Schema(required = true) @QueryValue @Nullable Set<Gmm> gmm,
       @Schema(
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ class GmmController {
       responseCode = "200",
       content = @Content(schema = @Schema(type = "string")))
   @Get(uri = "/distance{?gmm,imt,rMin,rMax}", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
-  public HttpResponse<String> doGetDistance(
+  public String doGetDistance(
       HttpRequest<?> http,
       @Schema(required = true) @QueryValue @Nullable Set<Gmm> gmm,
       @Schema(required = true) @QueryValue Optional<Imt> imt,
@@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ class GmmController {
       responseCode = "200",
       content = @Content(schema = @Schema(type = "string")))
   @Get(uri = "/hw-fw{?gmm,imt,rMin,rMax}", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
-  public HttpResponse<String> doGetHwFw(
+  public String doGetHwFw(
       HttpRequest<?> http,
       @Schema(required = true) @QueryValue @Nullable Set<Gmm> gmm,
       @Schema(required = true) @QueryValue Optional<Imt> imt,
@@ -467,7 +466,7 @@ class GmmController {
       responseCode = "200",
       content = @Content(schema = @Schema(type = "string")))
   @Get(uri = "/magnitude{?gmm,imt,mMin,mMax,step}", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
-  public HttpResponse<String> doGetMagnitude(
+  public String doGetMagnitude(
       HttpRequest<?> http,
       @Schema(required = true) @QueryValue @Nullable Set<Gmm> gmm,
       @Schema(required = true) @QueryValue Optional<Imt> imt,
diff --git a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmService.java b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmService.java
index 4b1c53ab1529841b1b403bb0f628bdb06c41aeb4..e8ee8e42e62fc0c607eb7cb285983286520eac7a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/GmmService.java
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import gov.usgs.earthquake.nshmp.www.gmm.GmmCalc.SpectraTree;
 import gov.usgs.earthquake.nshmp.www.gmm.XyDataGroup.EpiSeries;
 
 import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest;
-import io.micronaut.http.HttpResponse;
 import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
 
 /*
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ class GmmService {
 
   static class Spectra {
 
-    static HttpResponse<String> process(Request request) {
+    static String process(Request request) {
       Map<Gmm, GmmSpectraData> spectra = GmmCalc.spectra(request);
       Response<SpectraData, SpectraTree> response =
           Response.spectraCreate(request.serviceId, spectra, Optional.empty());
@@ -219,8 +218,7 @@ class GmmService {
           .request(request)
           .response(response)
           .build();
-      String json = ServiceUtil.GSON.toJson(body);
-      return HttpResponse.ok(json);
+      return ServiceUtil.GSON.toJson(body);
     }
 
   }
@@ -231,7 +229,7 @@ class GmmService {
     private static final double R_MAX = 100.0;
     private final static int R_POINTS = 100;
 
-    static HttpResponse<String> process(Distance.Request request) {
+    static String process(Distance.Request request) {
 
       double[] rArray = distanceArray(request);
 
@@ -245,8 +243,7 @@ class GmmService {
           .request(request)
           .response(response)
           .build();
-      String json = ServiceUtil.GSON.toJson(body);
-      return HttpResponse.ok(json);
+      return ServiceUtil.GSON.toJson(body);
     }
 
     private static double[] distanceArray(
@@ -288,7 +285,7 @@ class GmmService {
     public static final double M_STEP = 0.1;
     public static final double M_DISTANCE = 10.0;
 
-    static HttpResponse<String> process(Magnitude.Request request) {
+    static String process(Magnitude.Request request) {
 
       double[] mArray = ServiceUtil.sequenceLinear(
           request.mMin, request.mMax, request.step);
@@ -303,8 +300,7 @@ class GmmService {
           .request(request)
           .response(response)
           .build();
-      String json = ServiceUtil.GSON.toJson(body);
-      return HttpResponse.ok(json);
+      return ServiceUtil.GSON.toJson(body);
     }
 
     static class Request extends GmmService.Request {
diff --git a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/ServiceUtil.java b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/ServiceUtil.java
index 4d6df1a70ab8fd6f689a4026b4a016a8b8c73207..6d8fa54fd44b9432a1ad590ad163dc1072b566af 100644
--- a/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/ServiceUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/gov/usgs/earthquake/nshmp/www/gmm/ServiceUtil.java
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ import gov.usgs.earthquake.nshmp.www.meta.EnumParameter;
 
 import io.micronaut.http.HttpParameters;
 import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest;
-import io.micronaut.http.HttpResponse;
 
 class ServiceUtil {
 
@@ -79,9 +78,8 @@ class ServiceUtil {
         .create();
   }
 
-  public static HttpResponse<String> metadata(HttpRequest<?> request, Id service) {
-    var metadata = GSON.toJson(ServiceUtil.getMetadata(request, service));
-    return HttpResponse.ok(metadata);
+  public static String metadata(HttpRequest<?> request, Id service) {
+    return GSON.toJson(ServiceUtil.getMetadata(request, service));
   }
 
   /** Query and JSON reqest/response keys. */
@@ -130,6 +128,7 @@ class ServiceUtil {
   static ResponseBody<String, MetadataResponse> getMetadata(
       HttpRequest<?> request,
       Id service) {
+
     String url = request.getUri().getPath();
     return ResponseBody.<String, MetadataResponse> usage()
         .name(service.name)