From 75db62d1ccef1ddd1036ef3ade2b5bc4df149e89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: elmeraa <eazadpour@usgs.gov>
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2024 13:10:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] add primer for accordions & damange to losses lang
---
src/assets/text/text.js | 4 ++--
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/assets/text/text.js b/src/assets/text/text.js
index 542a387..4d5431e 100644
--- a/src/assets/text/text.js
+++ b/src/assets/text/text.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export default {
title: "Vulnerability indicators across the Western states ",
paragraph1: "Infrastructure and institutional factors are major determinants of access to and reliability of water delivery in the United States (Drakes and others, in press). <a href='https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wat2.1486' target='_blank'>Meehan and others (2020)</a> found 471,000 households or 1.1 million people lacked piped water access between 2013 and 2017, with the majority (73%) of these households located in metropolitan areas, and nearly half (47%) in the 50 largest urban areas. The reviewed literature showed indicators of household size, female-headed households, female population, and percentage of females in the labor force were all predominantly positively related and influential to water insecurity conditions. Displayed below is a county level map of average household size, of occupied housing units, where counties with the greatest average household size, in dark blue, include Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota; Madison County, Idaho; and Todd County, South Dakota ",
paragraph2: "Low income and impoverished persons are more likely to experience conditions associated with water insecurity. Moreover, income inequality is a highly significant predictor of 'plumbing poverty,' meaning homes that lack complete indoor plumbing <a href='https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2007361117' target='_blank'>(Meehan and others, 2020)</a>. The county-level map below displays median household income in the past 12 months (in 2022 inflation-adjusted dollars). Counties with the greatest median household income are shown in dark blue and include Santa Clara County, California; San Mateo County, California; and Marin County, California.",
- paragraph3: "As median rent values go up, water insecurity tends to go down, likely reflecting greater access to resources for wealthier populations <a href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63f79d49d34e4f7eda456572' target='_blank'>(Hines and others, 2023)</a>. That said, renters tend to be at a higher risk of damage from water-related hazards compared to homeowners. After disasters, renters are more likely to relocate and less likely to apply for and receive assistance. Renters also often lack the authority and means to enact structural changes to their homes for hazard mitigation, response, or recovery, which raises the hazard exposure and susceptibility of renters while lowering their capacity to cope <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.102010' target='_blank'>(Drakes and others, 2021) </a>. The county-level map below displays median gross rent where counties with the greatest median gross rent, in dark green, include San Mateo County, California; Santa Clara County, California; and Marin County, California.",
+ paragraph3: "As median rent values go up, water insecurity tends to go down, likely reflecting greater access to resources for wealthier populations <a href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63f79d49d34e4f7eda456572' target='_blank'>(Hines and others, 2023)</a>. That said, renters tend to be at a higher risk of losses from water-related hazards compared to homeowners. After disasters, renters are more likely to relocate and less likely to apply for and receive assistance. Renters also often lack the authority and means to enact structural changes to their homes for hazard mitigation, response, or recovery, which raises the hazard exposure and susceptibility of renters while lowering their capacity to cope <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.102010' target='_blank'>(Drakes and others, 2021) </a>. The county-level map below displays median gross rent where counties with the greatest median gross rent, in dark green, include San Mateo County, California; Santa Clara County, California; and Marin County, California.",
paragraph4: "Hispanic populations are at an increased risk of water insecurity <a href='https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63f79d49d34e4f7eda456572' target='_blank'>(Hines and others, 2023)</a>. In some areas of the country, Hispanic households are more likely to experience 'plumbing poverty' - particularly in the Western United States. In fact, research shows that although Hispanic-headed households make up less than 13% of all U.S. households, they account for nearly 17% of households with incomplete plumbing <a href='https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2018.1530587' target='_blank'>(Deitz & Meehan, 2019)</a>. The county map below shows the percent of Hispanic populations where counties with the greatest percent Hispanics, in dark blue, include Kenedy County, Texas; Starr County, Texas; and Webb County, Texas. These areas are particularly affected by the combined challenges of water insecurity and plumbing poverty.",
paragraph5: "Special needs and disabled populations may live in places more exposed to water-related hazards <a href='https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953619301121' target='_blank'>(Chakraborty and others, 2019)</a> or experiencing unreliable or intermittent potable water supplies <a href='https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155043' target='_blank'>(White and others, 2016)</a>. For example, Drakes and others (in press) found special needs and disabled populations were associated with a higher likelihood of water insecure conditions in the Western United States. However, only two studies have measured the relationship between disability and water insecurity, and the limited research on the topic was conducted only in the municipal water-use sector. The map below shows the percent of disabled persons in each county, where counties with the greatest percent disabled, in dark blue, include Catron County, New Mexico; Mora County, New Mexico; and Kinney County, Texas.",
paragraph6: "Placeholder text for now."
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export default {
title: "Meta-analysis of social vulnerability to water insecurity",
paragraph1: `Researchers in the USGS Social and Economic Drivers program <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/data/literature-summary-indicators-water-vulnerability-western-us-2000-2022">identified factors of social vulnerability associated with conditions of water insecurity</a>. The team focused their analysis on studies between 2000 and 2022 that took place in the conterminous United States (lower 48 states) west of the Mississippi River. The Western states face a slew of water availability challenges, including increasing population growth, dependence on groundwater, and generally low precipitation (see <a href='https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/circ1261/pdf/C1261.pdf'>Anderson and Woosley 2005</a> for a discussion of water availability in the Western United States).`,
paragraph2: `The team found that a small subset of social vulnerability factors was well studied and was consistently associated with water insecurity. These factors included multiple demographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, family structure, gender, and language proficiency), dependence on specific sources and uses of water, wealth, and exposure to water-related hazards.`,
- paragraph3: `But these factors are not equally distributed across the Western United States. For example, certain races and ethnicities are more heavily concentrated in some geographic areas than in others. Similarly, some counties have much lower median household incomes than other counties do. Understanding where these vulnerable populations live is important information for water-resource managers to make equitable decisions about water availability and use.`
+ paragraph3: `But these factors are not equally distributed across the Western United States. For example, certain races and ethnicities are more heavily concentrated in some geographic areas than in others. Similarly, some counties have much lower median household incomes than other counties do. Understanding where these vulnerable populations live is important information for water-resource managers to make equitable decisions about water availability and use. Some of the factors this study found as significant in Western States are described in more detail below.`
},
socialVulnerabilityText: {
title: "Where do we go from here?",
--
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