Overhaul EdgeFactory and MiniSeedFactory for Edge data migration

This is a 2nd attempt to overhaul Edge/MiniSeed factories in preparation for a long-awaited Edge data migration. For reference, the original is !382 (closed). This almost certainly more than a "bug fix", so don't merge until any pending bug fixes are merged, and deployed to production.

In summary (from commit messages):

MiniSeedFactory Upgrades:

• configurable scale_factor and float vs. int conversion logic
• configurable sncl_mode for different channel mapping
• multiple read ports allowed for fail-over logic
• configurable write_encoding for setting miniseed data type
• generally more (if not perfectly) compatible with EdgeFactory

EdgeFactory Upgrades:

• configurable scale_factor and float vs. int conversion logic
• configurable sncl_mode for different channel mapping
• multiple read ports allowed for fail-over logic
• generally more (if not perfectly) compatible with MiniSeedFactory

RawInputClient Update:

• handle intervals other than 1s and 1m properly

Controller Update:

• align timestamps more consistently for "update" intervals
• (related) add "interval" option to get_realtime_interval

TimeseriesUtility Updates:

• better handle hour and day intervals in create_empty_trace
• enode_stream now handles "STEIM" encoding
• fixed bug in pad_and_trim_trace

Update filters.py (code for geomag-filter typer app):

• stop using factory.py; just instantiate factories in filters.py...it's only a little extra code, and a lot less confusing
• copy 1-second ObsRio float data (e.g., F, UK*) to RawInput so it is available using EdgeFactory, and also so we have the option in the future to prune 10Hz data from EdgeCWB that has already been archived at IRIS.
• set up calls to _copy_channel to legacy sncls to be removed once Edge data migration is complete
• make all *_filter methods require an instantiated io factory, and set no default options
• other than the temporary write ports for copies of legacy sncl data, allow no default ports in filters.py; either accept the factory defaults, or force user to specify ports with call to geomag-filter app.

Add "tenhertz" to LegacySNCL.py

Use EdgeFactory for all but tenhertz data in /ws/data endpoint:

• assumes updates to filters.py, EdgeFactory, and MiniSeedFactory included in this feature branch
• removes default ports in favor of factory defaults
• tenhertz data will still use MiniSeedFactory, and if channels "U", "V", or "W" are requested, the raw voltage and bin data will be used to calculate nT outputs

To get more than one set of eyes on this MR, I'll mention @swilbur , @awernle , and @bgeels.

geomagio/edge/RawInputClient.py

@@ -14,13 +14,16 @@ from time import sleep
 
 """
 MAXINPUTSIZE: Edge uses a short for the data count, so the max input size
-    for a single data packet to edge is 32767
+    for a single data packet to edge is *supposed* to be 32767. However, this
+    was never tested thoroughly until we added support for 10Hz data, when
+    it was quickly discovered that setting this value caused Edge to hang.
+    Therefore, MAXINPUTSIZE was reduced to 10_000, which seems to work well.
 HOURSECONDS: The number of seconds in an hour. Used as an arbitrary size
     for sending seconds data.
 DAYMINUTES: The numbers of minutes in a day. Used as the size for sending
     minute data,  since Edge stores by the day.
 """
-MAXINPUTSIZE = 32767
+MAXINPUTSIZE = 10_000
 HOURSECONDS = 3600
 DAYMINUTES = 1440
 
@@ -161,7 +164,7 @@ class RawInputClient:
 
         PARAMETERS
         ----------
-        interval: {'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second'}
+        interval: {'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'tenhertz'}
             data interval.
         trace: obspy.core.trace
 
@@ -174,7 +177,11 @@ class RawInputClient:
         totalsamps = len(trace.data)
         starttime = trace.stats.starttime
 
-        if interval == "second":
+        if interval == "tenhertz":
+            nsamp = MAXINPUTSIZE
+            timeoffset = 1 / 10.0
+            samplerate = 10.0
+        elif interval == "second":
             nsamp = HOURSECONDS
             timeoffset = 1
             samplerate = 1.0
@@ -360,7 +367,7 @@ class RawInputClient:
             secs,
             usecs,
             self.sequence,
-            *samples
+            *samples,
         )
 
         return buf
@@ -377,16 +384,30 @@ class RawInputClient:
         tuple: (ratemantissa, ratedivosor)
             ratemantissa: int
             ratedivosor: int
+
+        NOTE that `ratemantissa` and `ratedivisor` map directly to the SEED
+        standard's "sample rate factor" and "sample rate multiplier", which
+        are stored in a miniseed block's fixed data header as 2-byte words;
+        earlier versions of this method did not handle sample rates lower
+        than 1/second properly (they did handle 1/minute as a special-case);
         """
         if rate > 0.9999:
+            # sample rates greater or equal to 1/second
+            # (this will not handle >327 Hz, but for consistency
+            #  with earlier versions, we leave it unchanged)
             ratemantissa = int(rate * 100 + 0.001)
             ratedivisor = -100
-        elif rate * 60.0 - 1.0 < 0.00000001:  # one minute data
-            ratemantissa = -60
-            ratedivisor = 1
+        elif rate * 21600 > 1.0001:
+            # sample periods between 1 second and 6 hours
+            # (this should handle 1-minute data identically to
+            #  earlier versions)
+            ratemantissa = -int(1 / rate + 0.001)
+            ratedivisor = -1
         else:
-            ratemantissa = int(rate * 10000.0 + 0.001)
-            ratedivisor = -10000
+            # sample periods 6 hours and longer
+            # (this will not handle periods longer than ~22 years)
+            ratemantissa = -int(1 / rate / 21600)
+            ratedivisor = -21600
 
         return (ratemantissa, ratedivisor)